Data Science is rapidly changing the way we do business, socialize, and govern society. It is also changing the way scientifc research is performed. A new paradigm is emerging, where theories and models and the bottom-up discovery of knowledge from data mutually support each other. Experiments and analyses over massive datasets are becoming functional not only to the validation of existing theories and models but also to the data-driven discovery of patterns emerging from data, which can help scientists design better theories and models, yielding a deeper understanding of the complexity of social, economic, biological, technological, cultural and natural phenomena. Data Science, intertwined with Artifcial Intelligence, emerged as a disruptive consequence of the digital revolution. If appropriately oriented at social good and human values, Data Science and AI can help tackle the global challenges facing humanity, well represented in the SGDs, the Sustainable Development Goals set forth by the United Nations, and dramatically highlighted by the pandemic